Silvia De Marchi (1929) on numerical estimation: A translation and commentary.

Vittorio Benussi (1878-1927) is known for numerous studies on optical illusions, visual and haptic perception, spatial and time perception. In Padova, he had a brilliant student who carefully worked on the topic of how people estimate numerosity, Silvia De Marchi (1897-1936). Her writings have never been translated into English before. Here we comment on her work and life, characterized also by the challenges faced by women in academia. The studies on perception of numerosity from her thesis were published as an article in 1929. We provide a translation from Italian, a redrawing of its 23 illustrations and of the graphs. It shows an original experimental approach and an anticipation of what later became known as magnitude estimation.

Is it Time to Include Wearable Sleep Trackers in the Applied Psychologists’ Toolbox?

Wearable sleep trackers are increasingly used in applied psychology. Particularly, the recent boom in the fitness tracking industry has resulted in a number of relatively inexpensive consumer-oriented devices that further enlarge the potential applications of ambulatory sleep monitoring. While being largely positioned as wellness tools, wearable sleep trackers could be considered useful health devices supported by a growing number of independent peer-reviewed studies evaluating their accuracy. The inclusion of sensors that monitor cardiorespiratory physiology, diurnal activity data, and other environmental signals allows for a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to sleep health and its impact on psychological well-being. Moreover, the increasingly common combination of wearable trackers and experience sampling methods has the potential to uncover within-individual processes linking sleep to daily experiences, behaviors, and other psychosocial factors. Here, we provide a concise overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities of using wearable sleep-tracking technology in applied psychology. Specifically, we review key device profiles, capabilities, and limitations. By providing representative examples, we highlight how scholars and practitioners can fully exploit the potential of wearable sleep trackers while being aware of the most critical pitfalls characterizing these devices. Overall, consumer wearable sleep trackers are increasingly recognized as a valuable method to investigate, assess, and improve sleep health. Incorporating such devices in research and professional practice might significantly improve the quantity and quality of the collected information while opening the possibility of involving large samples over representative time periods. However, a rigorous and informed approach to their use is necessary. (AU)

Is it Time to Include Wearable Sleep Trackers in the Applied Psychologists' Toolbox?

Wearable sleep trackers are increasingly used in applied psychology. Particularly, the recent boom in the fitness tracking industry has resulted in a number of relatively inexpensive consumer-oriented devices that further enlarge the potential applications of ambulatory sleep monitoring. While being largely positioned as wellness tools, wearable sleep trackers could be considered useful health devices supported by a growing number of independent peer-reviewed studies evaluating their accuracy. The inclusion of sensors that monitor cardiorespiratory physiology, diurnal activity data, and other environmental signals allows for a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to sleep health and its impact on psychological well-being. Moreover, the increasingly common combination of wearable trackers and experience sampling methods has the potential to uncover within-individual processes linking sleep to daily experiences, behaviors, and other psychosocial factors. Here, we provide a concise overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities of using wearable sleep-tracking technology in applied psychology. Specifically, we review key device profiles, capabilities, and limitations. By providing representative examples, we highlight how scholars and practitioners can fully exploit the potential of wearable sleep trackers while being aware of the most critical pitfalls characterizing these devices. Overall, consumer wearable sleep trackers are increasingly recognized as a valuable method to investigate, assess, and improve sleep health. Incorporating such devices in research and professional practice might significantly improve the quantity and quality of the collected information while opening the possibility of involving large samples over representative time periods. However, a rigorous and informed approach to their use is necessary.

A feasibility study of psychological first aid as a supportive intervention among police officers exposed to traumatic events.

Introduction: Police officers are often exposed to traumatic events, which can induce psychological distress and increase the risk of developing post-traumatic stress injuries. To date, little is known about support and prevention of traumatic events in police organizations. Psychological first aid (PFA) has been promoted as a promising solution to prevent psychological distress following exposure to a traumatic event. However, PFA has not yet been adapted to policing reality, let alone to the frequent exposure to traumatic events faced by this population. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of PFA as an early intervention for the prevention of post-traumatic stress injuries among police officers in Quebec, Canada. Specifically, the objectives were to evaluate: (1) the demand. (2) the practicality, and (3) the acceptability of PFA in a police organization. Methods: A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of PFA among Quebec's provincial police force. To do so, 36 police officers participated in semi-structured interviews between October 26th, 2021, and July 23rd, 2022. Participants were comprised of responders (n = 26), beneficiaries (n = 4) and managers (n = 6). Interviews were transcribed, coded, and evaluated according to a thematic analysis. Results: Eleven themes emerged from participants' responses. Results suggested that PFA met individual and organizational needs. References were also made regarding the impacts of this intervention. Moreover, participants provided feedback for improving the implementation and sustainability of a PFA program. All three groups of participants shared similar thematic content. Discussion: Findings revealed that implementation of a PFA program in a law enforcement agency was feasible and could be accomplished without major issues. Importantly, PFA had beneficial consequences within the organization. Specifically, PFA destigmatized mental health issues and renewed a sense of hope among police personnel. These findings are in line with previous research.

An investigation of emotional and evaluative implicit associations with police using four versions of the Implicit Association Test.

In two studies (total N = 829), we assessed civilian implicit associations with police using four modified Implicit Association Tests (IAT). Across studies and IATs, individuals harbored stronger negative implicit associations (associating police with fear/bad) than positive implicit associations (associating police with safety/good). The predictive validity of the implicit associations and magnitude of D scores varied across IAT. In Study 1, the IATs involving categorization of police-related (vs. everyday) symbols were most sensitive, but the versions involving categorization of police (vs. civilian) models provided more evidence for predictive validity. In Study 2, the IAT involving categorization of emotional words (safety/fear) was most sensitive, but the version involving categorization of evaluative words (good/bad) provided more evidence for predictive validity. In both studies, we also assessed individual differences (race, political affiliation) in implicit associations. The findings prompt the need to further examine the underlying cognitive components of civilian attitudes toward police and emphasize the importance of developing several IATs when assessing implicit attitudes.

Psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of outdoor green and virtual green exercise during self-paced walking.

Physical activity in the presence of nature can lead to additional, more distinct mental health benefits such as lower stress and anxiety levels and an overall better psychological state when compared to indoor physical activity. Interestingly, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of green exercise (GE) and virtual green exercise (VGE) on psychological responses are hitherto under-researched. The present study sought to deepen our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of GE and VGE during self-paced walking. Thirty individuals took part in the present study. Two experimental (i.e., GE and VGE) and a control condition (CO) were administered in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Participants were asked to walk for » mile at a pace of their choosing and self-report their psychological states at various timepoints during the exercise trials. Heart rate variability and the brain's electrical activity were monitored continuously throughout the experimental protocol. An accelerometer was used to identify the beginning and end of each step. The results indicate that both experimental manipulations were sufficient to influence the majority of psychological and psychophysiological parameters. The most pronounced effects were identified for GE when compared to CO and VGE. VGE was also sufficient to evoke positive emotions and partially reallocate attention externally, although such effects were less pronounced than those observed for GE. The brain mechanisms underlying the abovementioned psychophysiological responses may be associated with significant changes in theta activity throughout the cerebral cortex as well as increased connectivity in the frontal and parietal areas.

Prospect Theory: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review in the Categories of Psychology in Web of Science.

Prospect Theory (PT) is an alternative, dynamic explanation of the phenomenon of risky decision making. This research presents an overview of PT's history in health fields, including advancements, limitations, and bibliometric data. A systematic and bibliometric review of the scientific literature included in the psychological categories of Web of Science (WoS) was performed following the PRISMA 2020 statement for systematic reviews. A total of 37 studies (10 non-empirical and 27 empirical) were included in the sample. Bibliometric results showed thematic variability and heterogeneity regarding the production, researchers, and methodologies that are used to study PT. The systematic results highlight three main fields of PT research: preventive and screening behaviors, promotion of healthy habits, and COVID-related decision making. Personal and contextual factors which alter the usual pattern specified by PT are also described. To conclude, PT currently has an interdisciplinary character suitable for health promotion, with recent studies broadening its applicability.

Exploring the Motivational Roots of Getting Vaccinated against COVID-19 in a Population of Vaccinated Pediatric Healthcare Professionals: Evidence from an Italian Cross-Sectional Study.

Health care professionals (HCPs) working in pediatric and perinatal settings have a strong influence on parental vaccine decision making. Furthermore, HCPs' motivations behind vaccine acceptance are associated with their likelihood of recommending vaccines to their patients. Understanding these motivations in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign may aid in the development of interventions that improve pediatric practitioners' vaccine confidence and prescription. We aimed at studying the motivations affecting COVID-19 vaccination behavior among a sample of vaccinated Italian HCPs working in pediatric settings. A sample (n = 162) of HCPs completed an online self-reported survey exploring motivations behind getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Emotions of HCPs at the moment of COVID-19 vaccination injection were also recorded to collect data about the main feelings connected to the vaccination decision-making process. Data were collected between 19 March 2021 and 21 April 2021. The most effective motivational incentives were the beliefs that vaccination helped protect vulnerable members of the community (97.5% agreement), could protect one's own health (93.7%), health authorities could be trusted (58.7%), and the vaccine had been rigorously tested (53.8%). Actual personal exposure to COVID was less important (reported importance agreement 16-24%), and the influence of news and social media was still lower (4-6%). Differences between physicians' and other HCPs' ratings were also found. Finally, emotional status at vaccination showed high ratings for positive emotions surrounding the vaccination act. This study provided additional evidence about the multifaceted motivations behind COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and showed the potential of understanding the psychosocial roots of vaccine behaviors for shaping public communication campaigns. The highly emotionally charged response obtained underscores the importance of strengthening the community feeling among HCPs.

A brief review of applied psychology in China.

Psychology in China has a long past, but a rather short history. Modern psychology was introduced to China in the early 20th century soon, psychology as a scientific discipline was established when the teaching, research, and academic exchanges began. Specifically, applied psychology was established until the last decade of the 20th century; however, the past 30 years have witnessed the fast growth of applied psychology in China. In this article, we briefly introduce the history of psychology in China, its establishment as a discipline and a profession, and present some applications of psychology in the domains of public mental health as well as in educational and organizational settings.

Psicodiagnóstico intervencionista en la adolescencia y Test de Apercepción Temática Infantil con Figuras Humanas: aportes a la clínica de la adolescencia / Psicodiagnóstico interventivo e o Teste de Apercepção Temática Infantil com Figuras Humanas: contribuições à clínica da adolescência / Interventive psychodiagnosis and the Children's Apperception Test with Human Figures: contributions to the clinic of adolescence

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Psicodiagnóstico interventivo, basado en las Consultas Terapéuticas propuestas por Winnicott, involucra, desde la primera sesión, intervenciones clínicas. Dado su empleo en diferentes contextos y poblaciones, instrumentos proyectivos como el Test de Apercepción Temática Infantil con Figuras Humanas son utilizados con la finalidad de explorar y comprender el mundo vivencial, y aspectos relevantes de la personalidad de niños y adolescentes, apoyando el trabajo clínico con adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Introducir, por medio del análisis del Psicodiagnóstico interventivo con la ayuda del CAT-H, la ilustración clínica de una adolescente con comportamiento de autolesión no suicida. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio clínico-teórico, con delineamiento de estudio de caso. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de la libre inspección del material y a la luz del abordaje psicoanalítico winnicottiana. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció el principal conflicto interno experimentado por el participante: sumisión frente al deseo de hacer lo que es propio de la época, así como la autoimagen vulnerable y el empleo de mecanismos de defensa primitivos dada la intensa sensación de impotencia. CONCLUSIÓN: El material clínico descrito presenta el uso del test más allá de su posibilidad diagnóstica, en calidad de mediador terapéutico, colaborando para la profundización en la queja y ofreciendo una experiencia de acogida y reflexión a la paciente, de manera similar la oferta del juego del garabato de Winnicott, es decir estableciendo contacto el campo emocional.

INTRODUÇÃO: O psicodiagnóstico interventivo, baseado nas Consultas Terapêuticas propostas por Winnicott, envolve, desde a primeira sessão, intervenções clínicas. Devido ao seu emprego em diferentes contextos e populações, instrumentos projetivos como o Teste de Apercepção Infantil com Figuras Humanas são utilizados para explorar e compreender o mundo vivencial, e aspectos relevantes da personalidade do público infanto-juvenil, subsidiando a atuação clínica com adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a análise do psico diagnóstico interventivo com o auxílio do teste por meio da ilustração clínica de um adolescente com comportamento de autolesão não suicida. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo teórico-clínico, com delineamento de estudo de caso. Os dados foram analisados a partir da livre inspeção do material e à luz da abordagem psicanalítica winnicottiana. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se o principal conflito interno vivenciado pelo participante: submissão versus desejo de fazer o que é próprio para a idade, assim como autoimagem vulnerável e emprego de mecanismos primitivos de defesa diante do intenso sentimento de desamparo. CONCLUSÃO: O material clínico descrito apresenta a utilização do teste além de sua possibilidade diagnóstica, como mediador terapêutico, colaborando para aprofundar a queixa e oferecendo uma experiência de acolhimento e reflexão ao paciente, à semelhança da proposta do jogo de rabiscos de Winnicott, ou seja, estabelecendo contato com o campo emocional.

INTRODUCTION: The interventive psychodiagnosis, based on the Therapeutic Consultations proposed by Winnicott, involves, from the first session, clinical interventions. Given its use in different contexts and populations, projective instruments such as the Children's Apperception Test with Human Figures are used in order to explore and understand the living world, and relevant aspects of the personality of children and adolescents, supporting clinical work with adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To present the analysis of the interventive psychodiagnosis with the help of the test through the clinical illustration of an adolescent with non-suicidal self-injury behavior. METHOD: This is a clinical-theoretical study, with a case study design. Data were analyzed from the free inspection of the material and in the light of the Winnicottian psychoanalytic approach. RESULTS: The main internal conflict experienced by the participant was evidenced: submission versus the desire to do what is proper for the age, as well as vulnerable self-image and employment of primitive defense mechanisms given the intense feeling of helplessness. CONCLUSION: The clinical material described presents the use of the test in addition to its diagnostic possibility, as a therapeutic mediator, collaborating to deepen the complaint and offering an experience of welcoming and reflection to the patient, similarly to the proposal of Winnicott's scribble game, which is, establishing contact with the emotional field.

Psychological well-being and covid-19: Psychological impacts of quarantine on the brazilian population / Bem-estar psicológico e covid-19: impactos psicológicos da quarentena na população brasileira / Bienestar psicologico y covid-19: impactos psicologicos de la cuarentena en la población brasilera

The Covid-19 pandemic had several impacts, both social and psychological ones. Based on Ryff's (1995) Psychological Well-Being (PWB) concept, this work considers health as a whole - not as the absence of disease, but as physical, mental, and social well-being, together with the ability to face challenges in six dimensions: self-acceptance; positive relationships with others; autonomy; environmental mastery; purpose in life; and personal growth. Our main objective was to assess PWB among the quarantined Brazilian population. A second aim was to verify differences in PWB in relation to the following demographics: gender, education, income, and age. A quantitative survey was conducted using Ryff's scale (1995) with a stratified sample proportional to the number of deaths in each region of Brazil as reported by the government on May 3, 2020. The data were collected between May 4 and 10, 2020. The lowest PWB score was found in the low-education, low-income group, whereas the highest PWB score was in found the elderly group.

A Covid-19 trouxe transformações e impactos sociais, entre eles, efeitos psicológicos. Considerando o conceito de Bem-estar Psicológico (BEP) de Ryff (1995), este trabalho apoiou-se em uma visão abrangente da saúde – não a ausência de enfermidade, mas o bem-estar físico, mental, social e capacidade de enfrentar desafios a partir de seis dimensões: autoaceitação; relações positivas com os demais; autonomia; domínio do ambiente; propósito de vida; crescimento pessoal. O objetivo geral é verificar o BEP da população brasileira em quarentena; o secundário, averiguar diferenças no BEP nos estratos: sexo, escolaridade, renda e idade. Fez-se uma pesquisa quantitativa com a escala de Ryff (1995) a partir de amostragem estratificada proporcional à quantidade de óbitos divulgada pelo Governo em 3 de maio de 2020. A coleta de dados ocorreu de 4 a 10 de maio do mesmo ano. Verificou-se menor BEP para baixa escolaridade e renda e maior BEP para idosos.

La llegada del Covid-19 trajo cambios e impacto social, incluyendo sus efectos psicológicos. Considerando el concepto de RYFF de Bienestar Psicológico (BEP) (1995), este trabajo está respaldado por una visión integral de la salud incluyendo bienestar físico, mental, social y la capacidad de enfrentar desafíos en seis dimensiones: autoaceptación; relaciones positivas; autonomía; dominio del medioambiente; propósito de vida; crecimiento personal. El objetivo general fue verificar el BEP en la población brasileña durante la cuarentena. El objetivo secundario fue averiguar el promedio del BEP de los siguientes estratos sociales: sexo, educación, renta y edad. Una investigación cuantitativa fue hecha, utilizando la escala RYFF, fundamentada en una visualización estratificada proporcional al número de muertes reportadas por el gobierno en el 3 de mayo de 2020. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre el 4 y 10 de mayo. Se registró un BEP más bajo para la escolaridad y menor renta y un BEP más alto entre los ancianos.

Research on practical teaching of applied psychology master in medical colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the investigation of the practical teaching reform intention of applied psychology masters in school and combined with the opinions of employers, this paper summarizes the relevant literature and finds that there are some problems in the current practical teaching of master of applied psychology (MAP), such as unbalanced curriculum system, incomplete teaching program, low consistency of teaching process, monotonous teaching method and so on. In order to provide reference for the practical teaching reform of MAP in medical colleges, this paper puts forward some suggestions from five aspects: teaching contents, teaching programs, teaching procedures, teaching staff and teaching modes.

Acceptance of mobile commerce in low-income consumers: evidence from an emerging economy.

This paper examines the intention to use m-commerce in low-income consumers in Ecuador by expanding the original unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model to include the trust and perceived security constructs. A total of 344 Ecuadorians were surveyed according to the following criteria: 1) had made at least one purchase through their mobile device in the last month and, 2) belonged to the low and medium-low socioeconomic segment of the selected country. The results showed that facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, habit, and perceived trust significantly and positively predict the intention to use m-commerce. The best predictor was facilitating conditions followed by perceived trust. Contrary to expectations, performance expectancy, social influence, and perceived security did not significantly affect low-income consumers' intention to use m-commerce. This study produced diverging results in significant constructs used to validate the UTAUT2, highlighting the need to examine this model in different countries further. The relationships of the core constructs of UTAUT2 vary according to the country studied, possibly due to differences in national culture and economic development that could moderate the impact of explanatory constructs of technology adoption.

Diet and physical activity practices of South Australian adolescents.

Adequate nutrition and physical activity are integral to health across the life course, with adolescence a crucial time for establishing health behaviours. This report describes self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviours of South Australian adolescents aged 12-17 years (N = 1324) surveyed in 2017. Healthy lifestyle behaviour engagement was low, with most (90.3%) adolescents not meeting Australia's recommended dietary or physical activity guidelines. Almost three-quarters (73.8%) of adolescents consumed the recommended daily amount of fruit. However, only 10.8% of adolescents met the recommended daily intake of vegetables, and large proportions regularly consumed unhealthy snacks (64.5%), fast foods, (30.7%) and sugary drinks (65.8%). Combined with the low adherence to physical activity guidelines, these findings highlight the need for effective targeted health promotion campaigns to improve adolescent's public health outcomes in South Australia.

Negative effects of blood flow restriction on perceptual responses to walking in healthy young adults: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise is recognized as a beneficial strategy in increasing skeletal muscle mass and strength. These positive effects can also be obtained by a mild exercise mode such as walking. However, BFR exacerbates some perceptual responses, such as perceived exertion response, induced by exercise. Despite this knowledge, the negative effects of BFR exercise on major perceptual parameters related to exercise adherence remain unknown. Furthermore, compared with other exercise modes (e.g., resistance exercise), little is known regarding the effects of BFR on perceptual responses to walking. To clarify these issues, we examined the effects of BFR walking on perceptual parameters, including exercise adherence-related parameters. METHODS: Eighteen healthy, young males performed both BFR and non-BFR (NBFR) walking on a treadmill in a crossover design. Exercise was performed as five sets of 2-min walking with 1-min rest intervals. BFR walking was performed with 200 mmHg pressure cuffs placed around the proximal region of the thighs. NBFR walking was performed without pressure cuffs. RESULTS: Ratings of perceived exertion and leg discomfort were significantly higher during BFR walking than during NBFR walking. Affect and task motivation were significantly lower during BFR walking than during NBFR walking; by contrast, perceived pain was significantly higher during BFR walking than during NBFR walking. Enjoyment immediately after walking was significantly lower with BFR than with NBFR. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that BFR walking induces greater responses of perceptual parameters, including exercise adherence-related parameters, than does NBFR walking. Therefore, BFR walking may decrease adherence to this exercise. To further popularize BFR exercise, further studies are needed to develop effective strategies to minimize the BFR-induced negative effects on perceptual responses.

Core Processes: How to Use Evidence, Theories, and Research in Planning Behavior Change Interventions.

Psychology is not only a basic behavioral science but also an applied discipline that is used to solve societal problems. In a problem-driven context, the search for existing literature, the correct application of appropriate theories, and the collection of additional research data are basic tools essential for the systematic development of any theory- and evidence-based behavior change intervention. The processes of brainstorming, literature review, theory selection and application, and data collection are "Core Processes" that can be used in different phases/steps of intervention planning-from needs assessment to intervention design to program implementation and evaluation-and within different planning frameworks. In this paper, we illustrate how the use of these "Core Processes" provides expert, empirical and theoretical guidance to planners from problem definition to problem solution. Specific emphasis is put on finding theories that are potentially useful in providing answers to planning questions using a combination of approaches to access and select theories (i.e., the topic, concept, and general theories approaches). Furthermore, emphasis is put on the logic of answering planning questions in a specific order by first brainstorming before consulting the literature, then applying theories, and finally collecting additional data.

The Dark Triad traits predict authoritarian political correctness and alt-right attitudes.

It is well established that mainstream personality traits are associated with moderate, traditional political attitudes. However, very little is known regarding trait predictors of extreme political attitudes. In the current study (N = 511 U.S. residents), we examined the relationships between the Dark Triad traits, Entitlement and three extreme political attitudes that are highly covered in mainstream media: White Identitarianism ('Alt-Right'), Political Correctness-Authoritarianism, and Political Correctness-Liberalism. We found that Dark Triad traits and Entitlement had incremental validity in the prediction of these 3 attitudes over demographic factors. The Dark Triad traits and Entitlement explained a substantial portion of variance in White Identitarianism and Political Correctness-Authoritarianism, and only a small portion of variance in Political Correctness-Liberalism. Across all attitudes, Psychopathy and Entitlement were the most consistent, strongest predictors. Results indicate that, from a Dark Triad perspective, Authoritarian PC advocates have more in common with extreme right advocates than those holding PC views related to compassion.

Desenvolvimento de carreira de estudantes de psicologia: Efeitos de uma intervenção online / Career development of psychology students: Effects of an online intervention / Desarrollo de carrera de estudiantes de psicología: Efectos de una intervención en línea

O objetivo do artigo foi testar os efeitos de uma intervenção on-line que visa facilitar a escolha por áreas de estágio de estudantes de psicologia. Participaram da pesquisa 18 estudantes de psicologia, sexo feminino e dos 7º e 8º semestres. Foram aplicados a Escala de Adaptabilidade de Carreira, o Inventário de Cristalização das Preferências Profissionais e a Escala de Interesses por Áreas da Psicologia. Foram feitas comparações entre as pontuações das participantes nas avaliações pré e pós intervenção, além da apresentação de um estudo de caso. Os resultados indicaram que a intervenção foi eficaz na promoção da decisão profissional. O estudo de caso forneceu informações importantes para a compreensão de como ocorreram as mudanças evidenciadas, sendo novos estudos sugeridos.

The purpose of the article was to test the effects of an online intervention that aims to facilitate a choice by student psychology internship areas. Participated in the study 18 psychology students, female and 7th, and 8th semester. A Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, Professional Crystallization Inventory, and Interests Scale by Areas of Psychology were applied. Comparisons were made between the scores of the participants in the assessment pre and post-intervention, as well as the presentation of a case study. The results indicated that the intervention was effective in the promotion of professional decisions. The case study provided important information for the understanding of how occurred as evidenced changes, with new studies being suggested.

El objetivo del artículo fue probar los efectos de una intervención en línea que busca facilitar la elección de las áreas de práctica de los estudiantes de psicología. Participaron de la investigación 18 estudiantes de psicología, de sexo femenino y del 7º y 8º semestre. Se aplicaron la Escala de Adaptabilidad de Carrera, el Inventario de Cristalización de las Preferencias Profesionales y la Escala de Intereses por Áreas de la Psicología. Se realizaron comparaciones entre las puntuaciones de las participantes en las evaluaciones pre y post intervención, además de la presentación de un estudio de caso. Los resultados indicaron que la intervención fue eficaz en la promoción de la decisión profesional. El estudio de caso proporcionó información importante para entender cómo ocurrieron los cambios evidenciados, y finalmente son sugeridos nuevos estudios.

Effects of a vocational program on professional orientation.

Students that enroll in a vocational orientation program develop an early interest in the profession. Their involvement generates a higher sense of personal wellbeing, as well as positive academic and professional outcomes. A program was developed for high school students to experience first-hand what it means to work on health sciences. Two years after, the effects of the vocational program were assessed to analyze students' motivation and satisfaction with their professional orientation.

Planejamento do processo de avaliação psicológica: implicações para a prática e para a formação / Psychological assessment planning: implications for practice and training / Planificación de la evaluación psicológica: implicaciones para la práctica y la formación

Resumo A realização de um processo de avaliação psicológica (AP) exige do profissional um amplo domínio de teorias e métodos reconhecidos pela Ciência Psicológica. Quando se trata de fazer determinações psicológicas sobre uma pessoa, o uso de testes psicológicos tem vantagens sobre julgamentos injustificados motivados por experiência individual daquele que avalia. Os resultados obtidos pelo uso de instrumentos padronizados são considerados mais confiáveis, mais válidos, mais facilmente reproduzíveis e mais objetivos que uma avaliação baseada somente na análise subjetiva de um avaliador. Contudo, o planejamento desse processo se estabelece como uma etapa crucial para a qualidade da AP, que engloba a tarefa de escolha dos testes e técnicas de avaliação adequados ao objetivo, ao contexto e ao conhecimento do psicólogo. O presente estudo tem o intuito de auxiliar a organização e o planejamento do processo de AP com foco na escolha de testes e técnicas psicológicas de forma a orientar estudantes de graduação e profissionais com pouca aproximação com o campo da AP. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, baseado tanto na experiência prática em diferentes contextos quanto na experiência docente. É apresentado um fluxograma ilustrativo, o qual é explicado por meio de exemplos práticos focados em três principais áreas de atuação: clínica, trânsito e seleção de pessoas. É apontada a importância de refletir sobre o conhecimento necessário para realizar um processo de AP, considerando o acesso à informação por parte dos profissionais psicólogos, o entendimento sobre a qualidade psicométrica dos instrumentos e os cuidados éticos.

Abstract A process of Psychological Assessment (AP) demands from the professional a wide domain of theories and methods recognized by the Psychological Science. When it comes to making psychological determinations about a person, the use of psychological tests has advantages over unjustified judgments motivated by individual experience. The results obtained by the use of standardized instruments are considered more reliable, more valid, more easily reproducible and more objective than an evaluation based only on the subjective analysis of an evaluator. However, the planning of this process is a crucial step for the quality of PA, which encompasses the task of choosing the tests and evaluation techniques appropriate to the psychologist's goal, examinee context and knowledge. This article aims to help the organization and planning of the PA process focusing on choosing tests and psychological techniques in order to guide undergraduates and professionals with little approach to the field of PA. It is a theoretical study based on practical experience in different contexts and teaching practice. An illustrative flow chart is presented, which is explained through practical examples focused on three main areas of practice: clinic, transit and job selection. It is pointed out the relevance for reflection on the knowledge needed to carry out a PA process, considering the access to information by psychology professionals, understanding about the psychometric quality of the instruments and ethical care.

Resumen La realización de un proceso de evaluación psicológica (EP) exige que el profesional tenga un amplio dominio de teorías y métodos reconocidos por la Ciencia Psicológica. Cuando se trata de hacer determinaciones psicológicas sobre una persona, el uso de pruebas psicológicas tiene ventajas sobre juicios injustificados motivados por la experiencia individual. Los resultados obtenidos con el uso de instrumentos estandarizados se consideran más confiables, más válidos, más fácilmente reproducibles y más objetivos que una evaluación basada solamente en el análisis subjetivo de un evaluador. Sin embargo, la planificación de ese proceso plantea una etapa crucial para la calidad de la EP, que engloba la tarea de elegir las pruebas y técnicas de evaluación adecuadas al objetivo, al contexto y al conocimiento del psicólogo. El presente estudio objetiva ayudar la organización y planificación del proceso de EP enfocándose en la elección de pruebas y técnicas psicológicas para orientar a estudiantes de graduación y profesionales con poca aproximación con el campo de la EP. Se trata de un estudio teórico, basado en la experiencia práctica en diferentes contextos y en la experiencia docente. Se presenta un diagrama de flujo ilustrativo, el cual es explicado por medio de ejemplos prácticos enfocados en tres principales áreas de actuación: clínica, tránsito y selección de personas. Se apunta la relevancia de la reflexión sobre el conocimiento necesario para realizar un proceso de EP, considerando el acceso a la información por parte de los profesionales psicólogos, el entendimiento sobre la calidad psicométrica de los instrumentos y los cuidados éticos.